Early History of Hyderabad:
The region of Hyderabad has been inhabited for thousands of years. Archaeological evidence suggests that the area was once home to the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished in the region from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. In the 8th century, the region was conquered by the Arabs, who brought Islam to the area.
During the 10th and 11th centuries, the region was ruled by the Rajput dynasty of the Soomras. The Soomras were followed by the Sumra dynasty, who ruled the region until the 14th century. The region was then ruled by the Samma dynasty, who established their capital in Thatta. The Sammas were followed by the Arghun dynasty, who ruled the region from 1520 to 1554.
In 1591, the Mughal emperor Akbar conquered the region and appointed his governor, Mirza Aziz Koka, to rule over the area. The region was then ruled by various Mughal governors until the 18th century.
Foundation of Hyderabad:
In 1768, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, a loyal general of the Talpur Mirs of Sindh, founded the city of Hyderabad. He chose the site of the city on the bank of the Indus River, which provided a natural defense against invading armies. The city was named after Hyder Ali, the father of Tipu Sultan, who was a close ally of the Talpur Mirs.
Under the rule of the Kalhoro dynasty, Hyderabad became a center of culture and commerce. The city was known for its beautiful gardens, palaces, and mosques. The Kalhoros also encouraged the arts, and Hyderabad became known for its music and dance.
In the late 18th century, the Kalhoro dynasty was weakened by internal conflicts and was eventually overthrown by the Talpur Mirs of Sindh.
Talpur Rule:
The Talpur Mirs of Sindh were a powerful dynasty that ruled over the region from 1783 to 1843. The Talpurs were known for their military prowess and their ability to unite the different tribes of Sindh. They established their capital in Hyderabad and made it one of the most prosperous cities in the region.
Under the rule of the Talpurs, Hyderabad became a center of trade and commerce. The city was located at the crossroads of major trade routes, and merchants from all over the world came to Hyderabad to buy and sell goods. The Talpurs also encouraged the arts and literature, and the city became known for its poets, writers, and scholars.
In 1839, the British East India Company invaded Sindh and defeated the Talpur Mirs in the Battle of Miani. The British annexed Sindh in 1843, and Hyderabad became part of British India.
British Rule:
Under British rule, Hyderabad became the capital of the Sindh province. The British built new infrastructure in the city, including a railway station, a court, and a municipal building. They also established schools and hospitals, and Hyderabad became a center of education and healthcare.
During the British rule, Hyderabad was also known for its textile industry. The city was famous for its production of silk and cotton textiles.
